推测词义.ppt

关于如何推测词义 针对性解释----作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。 针对性解释 1. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 2.In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。 1．根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句,同位语等。 在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分 号，引号，和括号等。 1.Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 2.Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 根据复述猜测词义 1． 根据对比关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或 难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如： 1.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast和while 引导的并列句等。 内在逻辑关系 A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones。 1.Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。 根据比较关系猜测词义 同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。 1.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 2.There were so many demonstrators in the Red Quare that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 根据因果关系猜测词义 在句子或段落种，若两个事物、现象间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系 推知生词词义。 1. Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 2.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。 1.Husband：its really cold out tonight. Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb. How about lighting the furna