豫东平原土壤养分时空变异特征及其利用研究 .doc

文章编号：1008-181X（2000）03-0227-04 豫东平原土壤养分时空变异特征研究 武继承1，龚子同2，王志勇3，寇长林1，杨稚娟1 （1：河南农科院土肥所，河南 郑州 450002；2：中国科学院南京土壤研究所，江苏 南京 210008；3：河南省土肥总站，河南 郑州 450002） 摘要：通过土壤耕层养分特征分析，论述了不同农田利用和管理措施下不同土壤类型的土壤养分时空变异特征及硝态氮的累积特性。由于“重氮磷，轻有机肥，忽视钾素补给”，土壤养分变化以退化趋势为主，钾素耗竭性明显。硝态氮累积表现为从上向下递减、由上至下递增和相对积累于土体某一深度3种变化趋势。提出了土壤持续利用途径。 关键词：雏形土；人为土；新成土；土壤养分；土壤变化；持续利用 中图分类号：S153.6 文献标识码：A Study on Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in Temporal and Spatial Changing and Its Utilization in the East of Henan Province WU Ji-cheng1, GONG Zi-tong2, WANG Zhi-yong3, KOU Chang-lin1, YANG Zhi-juan1 1: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 2: Institute of Soil Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nanjing 210008, China; 3: Henan General Station of Soil and Fertilier, Zhengzhou 450002, China Abstract: After the analysis of soil nutrients in different stage and soil types, the characteristics of soil nutrients changing in different soil types were stated. And then the space nature of soil nutrients and NO3--N accumulation in soil body were revealed. The general tendency of soil nutrients changing is mainly retrograde because of emphasizing nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer, neglecting manure, and without complementing potassium, especially the volume of available potassium. The characteristics of NO3--N accumulation show different features in different soil types and exists three tendencies, which are getting less and less from upper to bottom, getting more and more from upper to bottom, and accumulating in the middle of soil body. At last the methods of soil sustainable utilization was proposed. Key words: Cambisols; Anthrosols; Entisols; soil nutrients; soil changes; sustainable utilization土壤由于不合理的开发利用，引起了侵蚀、沙化、酸化、养分贫瘠、环境污染等一系列问题，严重地威胁着人类的生存和发展。人类诱导作用所引起的土壤变化及其对生态环境和社会经济的影响已成为全球关注的重要问题。本文以豫东平原为例，试图通过其土壤耕层养分变化，探讨农业土壤养分的时空变异特征及其持续利用方式。 1 研究区概况与研究方法 研究区概况 豫东平原是河南省重要的农业生产基地，也是黄河泛滥影响最大的地区, 地处暖温带半湿润季风气候带，年平均气温14.0~14.5 ℃，≥10℃积温4600~4800 ℃，年降水600~800 mm，雨热同期；地下水埋