跨文化交际上课容unit6.doc

Unit Six Culture and Nonverbal Communication Warm Up Please read the story on page 190, then discuss the following questions: What is nonverbal communication? Is it possible to communicate without nonverbal means? Why or why not? What functions does our nonverbal behavior serve in communication? Nonverbal Communication? Read the article “An Overview概况 of Nonverbal Communication” (p191-199). What is nonverbal communication inclusive of包括 according to it? The article illustrates several different kinds of nonverbal behaviors in five parts: paralanguage副语言 (voice intonation声调 p191-192), kinesics 动作学(gesture p192-193, facial expression –smiles and laugh p1996-197), oculesics 眼神学(eye contact p194-196), haptics触觉学 (handshaking kissing p198-199). (Supplement: What is Nonverbal Communication? Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context. (L. A. Malandro, 1983) Narrowly speaking, nonverbal communication refers to intentional 故意use of nonspoken symbol to communicate a specific message. Broadly speaking, the term can be defined to refer to elements of 一部分the environment that communicate by virtue of由于 peoples use of be defined to refer to elements of the environment that communicate by virtue of peoples use of them. (i) ※Classifications of nonverbal communication by Knapp in 1972 kinesics or body language: gestures, posture, touch and feeling (handshaking), artifacts, olfaction嗅觉, etc. oculesics or eye movements: facial expressions: proxemics: intimate space (0.5m), personal space (0.5-1.25m), social space (1.25-3.5m), and public space (over 3.5m). (Wrightsman etl. 1988:284) paralanguage: sound, pitch, tempo of speech, turn-taking, silence. (ii) Its features: It’s communication in which words or speech sounds are not used. It conveys meaning. It involves such non-verbal dimensions规模 as facial expressions,