信号转导与肿瘤-1精读.ppt

NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells is a protein complex that controls the transcription of DNA. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection κ light chains are critical components of immunoglobulins . Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory. 受体酪氨酸激酶介导的信号通路 PDGF受体磷酸化激活 Nitric oxide synthases EC 1.14.13.39 NOSs are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide NO from L-arginine. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule. It helps modulate vascular tone, insulin secretion, airway tone, and peristalsis, and is involved in angiogenesis and neural development. It may function as a retrograde neurotransmitter. Nitric oxide is mediated in mammals by the calcium/calmodulin controlled isoenzymes eNOS endothelial NOS and nNOS neuronal NOS . The inducible isoform, iNOS, is involved in immune response, binds calmodulin at physiologically relevant concentrations, and produces NO as an immune defense mechanism, as NO is a free radical with an unpaired electron. It is the proximate cause of septic shock and may function in autoimmune disease. * In molecular biology the FYVE zinc finger domain is named after the four cysteine-rich proteins: Fab 1 yeast orthologue of PIKfyve , YOTB, Vac 1 vesicle transport protein , and EEA1, in which it has been found. FYVE domains bind Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate,[2] in a way dependent on its metal ion coordination and basic amino acids. The FYVE domain inserts into cell membranes in a pH dependent manner.[3] The FYVE domain has been connected to vacu