1.Some views on Translation in General.ppt

Some views on Translation in General 1．What Translation is 1) an art, a bilingual（双语） art. 2) a representation（再表达） or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language. 3) a kind of science. 4)Translation enables us to reproduce the fine thought of an author. requires patience and skillful treatment and various sorts of techniques Translation is largely a matter of practice. 2.Aim of Foreign Language Study and the Importance of Translation 3.Prerequisites先决条件 for a Translator translation means honest, solid knowledge, allowing not an iota（微小） of falsehood, and that genuine knowledge comes from practice. 4.Principles or Criteria（标准） of Translation Yan Fu’s(严复)”three-character guide”, namely, the principle of “信、达、雅“(faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance). 1）The first group maintains the original three characters 2）The second group, however, argues that the word “雅” is out of place in translation. there are revisions such as “信、达、切”(faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness刘重德),“信、达、贴”(faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness), and so on. 3）The third group of people, by casting away the three-word guide, propose some new principle or criteria of translation of their own. Of the various popular theories two of them are most influential: spiritual conformity(神似)(傅雷) and sublimed adaptation(化境)(钱仲书) . 5．A brief Introduction to the History of Translation in China 1. The Eastern Han ---- The Northern and southern Dynasties (25-581) foreigners came to China by themselves to translate Buddhist Scripture. An Shih-ko(安世高) (An-ching) from Persia (now Iran) 佛经翻译翻译的特点： 1.翻译佛经的主要力量是外籍僧人和华籍僧人 2.凭口授，叫做“传言”或“度语”， “笔授”，---笔录成汉文 3.一般都采用直译法。 2. The Sui Dynasty (581-618) ----- The Tang Dynasty (618-907): Golden Age 1) Xuan Zang(Tang Dynasty)玄奘 2) Kumarajiva(Eastern Jin Dynasty)鸠摩罗什 3) Paramartha (also called Gunarata)(N.S. dynasty)真谛（波罗末他） 3．The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Xu guangqi , a Chinese and M. Rici, (利玛窦)an Italian were c