专题 非谓语 宾补.pptVIP

非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制。但是它也拥有动词的一些特征非谓语动词特征：1）无人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化2）不失去原意，可以加上自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。 另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词、副词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分。 　　一般来说，非谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前时，多用完成式；同时发生时用一般式或进行式；例如： Having been used for many years, the computer needs to repair. (2)非谓语动词的否定式为在非谓语动词前加 not。例如：not to have, not being done, not having been done, his not having succeeded 等。 不定式做定语的情况 ①不定式做定语通常表示一个未发生的动作。 The meeting to be held is of great importance.(未发生) ②修饰被序数词、最高级或no/any/all等限定的中心词。 Madame Curie was the first person to discover the radium.(已完成) She was the best one to do the job. There is nothing to worry about. ③修饰抽象名词，常见的有 ability ,idea, fact, chance等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sighting. There is a lot of work to do. There is a lot of work to be done. 在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某事，不定式用主动形式;若强调事情本事必须被完成，则用被动形式。 Have you anything to send? Have you anything to be send? I will go to the post office. 分词作定语 There are a lot of good English programs (broadcast ) on TV in China. Two days later I received a letter (offer） me a job. 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：doing 表示正在进行，done表示完成。 Falling leaves /fallen leaves Boling water/ boiled water Developing countries/ developed countries 动词不定式与分词作定语的区别： the meeting (hold) in 2 days the meeting (hold) 2 days ago the meeting (hold) now The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now. 动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词是正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.试比较： working clothes(工作服)→clothes for working a washing machine → a machine for washing a reading room a walking-stick a swimming pool a sleeping bag a sleeping child → a child is sleeping a crying boy →a boy is crying 不定式与分词做状语时的用法和区别 (1)不定式一般充当目的状语、结果状语和结果状语。 不定式做目的状语时的主要形式有：to do，so as to do，in order to d