15.头部局部解剖.ppt

Head 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 Region and parts Cranium 颅部 Face 面部 Landmaeks Superciliary Supraorbital notch Infraorbital foramen Mental foramen Pterion Zygomatic arch Mastoid process External occipital protuberance Muscles of head Facial muscles 面肌 Epicranius 颅顶肌 oddipitofrontalis 枕额肌 Frontal belly 额腹 Occipital belly 枕腹 Galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜 Orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌 Buccinator 颊肌 Orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌 Nasalis 鼻肌 Platysma 颈阔肌 The skin of face is very thin and connected to the facial bones by loose connective tissue. There is no deep fascia. The facial muscles lie in this connective tissue. Masticatory muscles Masseter 咬肌 Origin－inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic arch Insertion－lateral surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandible Action－elevates mandible Temporalis 颞肌 Origin－temporal fossa Insertion－coronoid process of mandible Action－elevates and retracts mandible lateral pterygoid 翼外肌 Medial pterygoid 翼内肌 Arteries of head Facial a. 面动脉 Branch of external caroteid a. Runs forward over digastric and submandibular gland Loops around mandible where it is palpable , at anterior border of masseter, to enter the face Follows a tortuous course to medial angle of eye Lies deep to most facial muscles Branches Inferior labial a. 下唇动脉 Superior labial a. 上唇动脉 Angular a. 内眦动脉 Superficial temporal a.颞浅动脉 Terminal branch of external carotid a. Ascends in front of ear where it is palpable to supply temporal and anterior portion of scalp Transverse facial a. 面横动脉－runs above parotid duct to supply the cheek region Maxillary artery 上颌动脉 Branch of external carotid a. Entrance to infratemporal fossa medial to neck of mandible Branches Inferior alveolar a. 下牙槽动脉 Middle meningeal a. 脑膜中动脉 enters the skull through foremen spinosum Supplies cranium and dura mater Posterior superior alveolar a.上牙槽后动脉 Veins of head Facial vein 面静脉 Begins at medial angle of eye angular vein Runs downward and backward through the face, posterior to the facial artery Below a