考博翻译辅导2014规范.doc

翻译技巧讲解与练习 一、英汉词汇翻译技巧 1、增词法 However carefully boiler casings and steam-pipes are sealed, some heat escapes and is lost. 无论锅炉壳和蒸气管封闭地如何严密，然而还是会有一部分热损耗。 复数增补 例:However, in spite of all this similarity between a voltmeter and an ammeter there are also important differences. 可是尽管伏特表与安培表之间有这些类似之处，他们之间还是存在了很多重要的差别。 名词增补 例: Since conduction is by both holes and electrons, the junction transistor is bipolar. 电子传导是靠空穴和电子两者进行的，因为结型晶体管是双极式的。 概括词增补与被动增补 例:The resistance of the pipe to the flow of water through it depends upon the length of the pipe, the diameter of the pipe, and the nature of the inside walls (rough or smooth). 水管对于通过的水流的阻力取决于下列三个因素：管长、管道直径、管道内壁的性状（粗糙或平滑）。 语气词增补 例: The chemical purity of the sponge iron had a positive effect, especially for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron and high-grade hot metal for steel making. 海绵铁的化学纯度具有积极影响，特别对于球磨铸铁和优质炼钢生铁的生产来说更是如此。 2、省略法 here are three things we have to know about every force in order to understand the effects that it produces; these are its size, direction and its points of application. 为了了解力所产生的作用，对于每个力必须知道三个要素，即力的大小、方向和着力点。 连词省略 例: The third law of motion tells us that the two forces which constitute such a pair are equal in magnitude and opposite direction. 运动第三定律告诉我们，像这样成对的两个力大小相等方向相反。 介词省略 例:In the absence of force, a body will either remain at rest, or continue to move with constant speed in a straight line. 倘无外力作用，物体则保持其静止状态，或做匀速直线运动。 动词省略 例1:In most cases the soil near the surface is merely damp and is not completely saturated with water. 在大多数情况下，地表附近的土壤仅仅有些潮湿，但含水量并未完全饱和。 该句的系动词被省略不译。 3、具体与抽象译法 具体译法 例:The major problem in fabrication is the control of contamination and foreign materials. 制造中的一个主要问题是如何控制沾染和杂质。 例: The harder the rock, so much the more difficult is the work of drilling, though few types of rock are sufficiently hard to be allowed to remain after blasting without a lining of masonry or concrete. 岩石越硬，开凿工作就越困难，尽管如此，也很少有什么岩石坚硬到爆破后不用垢工或混凝土进行衬砌就可以直接形成隧道壁。 抽象译法 例8. The low-power diode-tra