科技文献阅读和翻译_图文.ppt

五、常用句型 科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。例如It---that---结构句型；被动态结构句型；结构句型，分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。 显然，润滑好的轴承，比不润滑的轴承容易转动。 It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one . 看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的 It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting . 已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。 It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it. 直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。 It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy. 善于使用非谓语结构 氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。 Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy . 由于电阻(resistance)很大，电路中通过的电流就小。 The resistance being very high ,the current in the circuit was low. 冰在溶化时，其温度保持不变。 Ice keeps the same temperature while melting . 物体一旦运动，就会因惯性而持续运动 An object, once in motion ,will keep on moving because of its inertia. 一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。 All substances ,whether gaseous ,liquid or solid ,are made of atoms . 六、长句 为了表述一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密，结构紧凑，科技文章中往往出现许多长句。 The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations ,and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis. 为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性质的介质。这种子尝试的结果，最初曾使人们了解到一种能传输横向振动的具有上述假定所以认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。 Summary for contrast between C and E 英汉句子结构对比 英语 主语突出 常用无灵主语 叙述多呈静态 组句多焦点透视 句式呈树式结构 思维重逻辑 句式严谨规范 汉语 主题突出 有灵主语 叙述多呈动态 组句多散点透视 句式呈竹状结构 思维重语感 句式灵活多变 3 动态与静态 表示动作意义时，汉语多用动词，英语多用名词（特别是抽象名次）和介词短语，同时使用形容词、副词及表示状态的弱式动词（be, have, become, grow, feel, go, come, get, do等）和虚化动词（have a look, take a walk, make an attempt, pay a visit, do harm to sb, do shopping, do some reading等）等各种手段表示动作意义。另外，英语句子的谓语动词在句中一般只有一个，其他的动词通常变成非谓语形式、或名词化等使整个叙述呈现静态 1.Motorola is the pre