毕业论文--光化学及光催化氧化法处理高浓度废水.doc

光化学及光催化氧化法处理高浓度废水 摘 要 光催化氧化技术具有高效、节能、清洁无毒等突出优点,是一项具有广泛应用前景的新型水污染处理技术，越来越受到人们的重视。 本文以硝酸镍、硫酸钛、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠为原料,采用煅烧水滑石法制备了Ni掺杂TiO2 的粒子,并利用XRD的测试手段对制备的掺杂Ni的TiO2 纳米粒子进行表征;以金橙Ⅱ为光催化反应模型,研究了煅烧温度、镍掺杂量、底物浓度等对TiO2光学性能及光催化活性的影响。结果表明: 样品的催化活性随焙烧温度的提高而降低。样品经500 ℃煅烧,随Ni掺杂量增加,光催化性降低；样品的催化降解的效率随底物浓度的增加先升高当达到一个峰值时，然后降低，在10mg/L时达到最佳值；样品在镍钛比2：1、煅烧温度500℃的情况下降解效率最佳。 ABSTRACT Photocatalytic oxidation technology has many prominent characteristics, such as high efficiency, energy saving, clean and non-toxic and so on. It is a new water treatment technology which has wide application prospect and attracts more and more peoples attention. In this paper, I make particles that Ni doped TiO2 by using nickel nitrate, sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate as the raw materials and using calcining hydrotalcite method. I characterize preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles doped Ni by means of XRD test. I study the influences of the calcination temperature, Ni-doping, the substrate concentration on the optical properties by using Gold orange Ⅱ as the photocatalytic reaction model. The results showed that: the catalytic activity of samples decreaseds with the calcination temperature increases. After being calcined at 500℃, samples photocatalytic reduces with the increase of Ni doping, photo catalytic reduction; The efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of samples reaches to a peak and then decreases with the substrate concentration increasing(it reaches the best value in the 10mg/L).Samples solution efficiency is the best when Ni/Ti 2:1, calcined in 500℃. Key words：titanium dioxide；photocatalytic degradation；nickel；golden orange Ⅱ 目 录 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 1 前言 1 1.1高浓度有机废水水质特点和性质及危害 1 1.2高浓度有机废水的处理方法 2 1.3光催化处理技术 2 1.3.1光催化简介 2 1.3.2光催化原理 3 1.4 国内外研究现状、水平 4 1.5 存在的问题 5 1.6研究的目的及意义 6 1.6.1研究目的 6 1.6.2研究意义 6 2 实验部分 7 2.1 主要实验试剂及仪器 7 2.2试验方法 7 2.2.1试液配制 7 2.2.2掺杂Ni的TiO2光催化 8 3实验结果与讨论 9 3.1金橙Ⅱ的介绍 9 3.1.1金橙Ⅱ的性质、结构图 9 3.1.2金橙Ⅱ的工作曲线绘制 9 3.2光催化剂的光催化性的影响因素 10 3.2.1同比例不同温度对样品催化效率的影响 10 3.2.2