EM对生活污水中常见染物去除效果的影响.doc

EM对生活污水中常见污染物去除效果的影响 张凤杰 （大连民族学院环境工程系 辽宁 大连 116600 ） 摘 要：本文通过投加微生态制剂EM培养活性污泥处理生活污水，探讨了EM对污水中的有机物、总磷、总氮、氨氮的去除效果的影响。研究发现：同对照组相比，EM系统启动时间加快10天左右，污泥的沉降性能好，污泥产量减少了约20%；当水力停留时间为6小时，CODcr 、BOD5、、NH4+-N和T-N的去除率分别为95.92%, 99.03%, 91.87%和96.77%。较对照组分别提高10.11%、 8.04%、8.48%和18.41%。结果表明：EM能够缩短系统启动时间，改善污泥沉降性能，减少处理系统的污泥产生量，明显提高生活污水中污染物的去除效果。 关键词：EM 生活污水 活性污泥 去除效果 中图分类号：X703. 1 文献标识码： 文章编号： Effect of Effective Microorganisms on Removal of Common Pollutants from Domestic Sewage ZHANG Feng-Jie (Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian Development Zone 116600,China) Abstract: The effect of effective micro organisms (EM) on the removal of common pollutants in domestic sewage had been discussed. Common pollutants were organic contamination, and total nitrogen, and total phosphor, and ammonia nitrogen. The research indicated that in compare of no-added EM process, the starting-up time of EM system shortened 10 days; the sedimentation of sludge was better ; and the production of sludge decreased 20 % ; and that the effluent water quality treated by EM was better that the removal rate of chlorophyll a, CODCr ,BOD,T-N , T-P, NH4+-N enhanced respectively 10.11%、 8.04%、8.48% and 18.41%. The results showed that starting-up time of activated sludge process could be obviously shortened by casting EM into the reactor; and that the sedimentation of sludge could also improve; and that EM decreased sludge production , and that the effluent water quality treated by EM was better. Key words: Effective Microorganisms (EM); domestic sewage; activated sludge; removal effect 引言 EM（Effective Microorganisms）是有效微生物的英文缩写。EM 是日本琉球大学比嘉照夫教授等于20 世纪80 年代初期研制出来的一种新型复合微生物制剂[1]。EM是将经过仔细筛选出的好氧和厌氧性微生物加以混合，采用独特的工艺，发酵而制成的微生物活菌制剂。其中以光合细菌、醋酸杆菌、放线菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌等10属80余种微生物组成的复合菌剂。EM生物技术自1991年引进中国进行了大量的试验研究，主要在种植业、养殖业和环境空气净化方面取得了明显的作用和效果，但EM在污水处理方面的研究报道较少[2，3，4]。本研究主要采用微生态制剂EM培养活性污泥和生物膜，处理生活污水，通过对目标污染物的测定分析来确定处理工艺等技术条件，以期达到净化废水的目的。 1试验部分 1.1 供试EM 由北京伊埃姆生物技术有限公司提供，新技术认定号HZ0787，生产批号99/01/25，经测试pH值为3.2，CODCr为30,000～40,00