2016信用证案例.docVIP

四、信用证案例 [案例1] ××年12月5日,国内某公司(下称受益人)向当地某银行 (下称议付行)提呈了S国某银行(下称开证行)开出的信用证项下出口单据一套,金额为390000美元.信用证规定:正本检验证书由申请人的授权签字人签发,其签字样式须由开证行证实.议付行审核单据后,于次日以单证相符向国外寄单索汇. ××年12月16日,议付行收到开证行的拒付电,拒付理由为:Inspection Certificate Cannot varified by the issueing bank.当日议付行即联络受益人征询意见,并调阅公司留底单据进行核实.受益人坚称其所提交的检验证书为对方客户(即申请人)亲自来验货时签发的,其签字的真实性当无问题,开证行所提不符点纯属无理挑剔,以故意拖延付款时间.应受益人要求,12月17日议付行去电开证行陈述受益人观点,并请开证行联系申请人以取得进一步的处理意见.12月20日开证行复电议付行,仍以先前所列不符点为由拒付,并进了步说明检验证上签字样式与开证行留底记录上的签字样式不一致.议付行随即委托其在S国的分行协助调查此事.12月24日议付行收到其S国分行来电证实,经核查检验证上的签字样式确与开证行的留底记录不符.议付行立即知会受益人有关情况及注意事项,并建议受益人,为防止诈骗应立即着手查实货物下落及检验证书的真伪性.12月30日,受益人致函议付行要求去电开证行收回全套单据.次年1月6日,开证行同意迟单,此案闭卷. 三,分析 本案是一起典型的涉及信用证软条款的案例.带有软条款的信用证是极具风险性的,开证行可根据申请人的意愿随时地,单方面地解除其保证付款的责任,其实质是变相的可撤销信用证,是不法分子行骗时经常使用的工具和手段,它不仅削弱了信用证方式在国际贸易结算中的正常作用,使出口商因经验不足或一时疏忽而蒙受重大经济损失,而且还会祸及银行,影响银行的信誉.如本案所涉的信用证软条款,申请人完全可以根据货物的市场情况来签发检验证书,以满足其接受或拒收货物的意愿,使出口商处于被动的地位,任其摆布.其它常见信用证软条款还有:1,Cargo Receipt issued and signed by authorized signatory(ies) of the applicant whose signature must be inconformity With Our records,certifying that the goods have been received in good order,3howing the quantity,value of goods,date of delivery and letter of credit number.(由申请人的授权签字人签发的收货单据上要证明货物符合品质要求,显示货物数量和价值,交货日期及信用证号码,收货单据上的签字样式须与我方记录一致.)2.Shipping advice issued by the applicant whose signature(s) must be inconformity with L/C issuing bank records,Showings the name of vessel and approving the date of shipment.(由申请人签发的装船通知书,显示船名,证明装运日期,其签字样式须与开证行留底记录一致.)3.Applicants certificate certifying that one set of non- negotiable shipping documents has been received. The applicants authorized signature must be in conformity with the record concerned.(申请人证明信,证明一套不可议付的货运单据已收妥,申请人的授权签字样式须与有关记录一致.)4.original L/C amendment through L/C issuing bank Confirming that samples have been received and quality is accepted by the applicant before shipment.(开证行发出的正本信用证修改,确认申请人在装运前已收样品,并接受其品质.)5.Shipment Can only be effect upon receipt of applicants shipping instructions through L/C opening bank nomin