大学毕业论文—步进电机设计l.docVIP

摘 要 单片微型计算机简称单片机。它是把组成微型计算机的各功能部件：中央处理器、CPU、随机存取存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、I/O接口电路、定时器/计数器以及串行通信接口等制作在一块集成芯片中，构成一个完整的微型计算机。单片机主要应用于控制领域，由于其具有可靠性高、体积小、价格低、易于产品化等特点，因而在智能仪器仪表、实时工业控制、智能终端、通信设备、导航系统、家用电器等自控领域获得广泛应用[1]。 步进电机是一种能将电脉冲信号转换成角位移或线位移的机电元件,实质上是一种数字/角度转换器步进电机控制系统主要由步进控制器,功率放大器及步进电机等组成.步进控制器由缓冲寄存器,环形分配器,控制逻辑及正,反转控制门等组成,能把输入的脉冲转换成环形脉冲,以便控制步进电机,并能进行正反向控制.但由于步进控制器线路复杂.成本高.采用单片机控制,用软件代替上述步进控制器,使得线路简单,成本低,可靠性大大增加,灵活改变步进电机的控制方案,无需逻辑电路组成时序发生器.软件编程可灵活产生不同类型步进电机励磁序列来控制各种步进电机的运行方式并可实现一台单片机控制多台电机.提供灵活多样的控制手段和提高控制精度对复杂繁琐的控制易于实现,尤其在本系统中更显示出微机控制的优越性。 本设计采用凌阳16 位单片机SPCE061A对步进电机进行控制，通过IO口输出的具有时序的方波作为步进电机的控制信号，信号经过芯片L298N驱动步进电机；同时，用 4X4的键盘来对电机的状态进行控制，并用数码管显示电机的转速，采用74LS164作为4位单个数码管的显示驱动，从单片机输入信号；利用凌阳单片机的语音功能播报电机的转速。 关键词： 单片机 步进电机 ABSTRACT The single slice of microcomputers is abbreviated as the one-chip computer. It is every function part which makes up the microcomputer: Central processing unit, CPU, arbitrary access memory RAM, read-only memory ROM,, I/O interface circuit , timer / counter and serial communication interface ,etc. make in the integrated chip together, form an intact microcomputer. One-chip computer apply controlled field to mainly, because it have dependability high , small , price low , easy commercialization ,etc. characteristic, therefore won extensive application in fields of automatic control such as intellectual instrument and apparatus , real-time industrial control , intelligent terminal , communication equipment , navigation system , household appliances ,etc. It is that one kind can change the electric pulse signal into a electromechanical component of angle displacement or line displacement to walk into the electrical machinery, it is a kind of figure / angle converter that is walked into the control system of the electrical machinery to mainly walk into the controller in fact, power amplifier and walking into the electrical machinery ,etc. make up . Walked into the controller to buffer the register , the annular distributor, control