英语学习--独立主格结构五步学习法.doc

独立主格结构五步学习法 第一步:认识独立主格结构,建立独立主格结构概念。 例1: His homework having been finished, he went home. 他的家庭作业完成后,他回家了。 析: His homework为名词作分词短语having been finished的逻辑主语,整个名词+分词结构,即His homework having been finished作时间状语,叫独立主格结构。 例2: His key having been lost, he couldnt enter the room. 他的钥匙丢了,他不能进入这个房间。 His key为名词作分词短语having been lost的逻辑主语,整个名词+分词结构,即 His key having been lost作原因状语,叫独立主格结构。 由上述两例可清楚看出,最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构,它的作用相当于状语。 ?第二步:认清独立主格结构的来源,理解独立主格结构的功能。 前面例1来源于时间状语从句: His homework having been finished, he went home.=When his homework had been finished, he went home.=When he had finished his homework, he went home. 上述句子还可转换成:=Having finished his homework, he went home. 前面例2来源于原因状语从句: His key having been lost, he couldnt enter the room.=Because his key had been lost, he couldnt enter the room. =Because he had lost his key, he couldnt enter the room. 上述句子还可转换成: =Having lost his key, he couldnt enter the room. 由上述句型转换可清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。 ?第三步:从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。 He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast and his glaring eyes looking straight upward. 他仰卧着,牙关紧咬,右拳紧紧握放在胸前,愤怒的眼睛向上逼视着。 析:该句三处划线部分均由名词+分词构成独立主格结构作伴随状语。在第一个独立主格结构中,set的逻辑主语为his teeth。 在第二个独立主格结构中,clenched的逻辑主语为his right hand。在第三个独立主格结构中,looking straight upward的逻辑主语为his glaring eyes。 该句可转换成: He lay on his back, setting his teeth, clenching his right hand on his breast and looking straight upward with his glaring eyes. 析:原来的三个独立主格结构作状语变成了三个分词结构作状语,分词的逻辑主语都是主句的主语He。 结论:分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同,分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语,独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。又如: Liu Hulan stood there bravely, her head held high, glaring at the enemies. 刘胡兰站在那里,昂起头,怒视着敌人。 析:her head held high为独立主格结构作伴随状语,它的逻辑主语就是held前边的her head,glaring at the enemies为分词作伴随状语,它的逻辑主语为主句的主语Liu Hulan。 The baby fell from the cradle, blood coming down from his face, crying loudly. 婴儿从床上摔下来,血从脸上流下来,婴儿高声地哭着。 析:blood coming down from his face为独立主格结构作伴随状语,它的逻辑主语就是coming 前边的blood,crying loudly为分词作伴随状语,