农村土地承包经流转制度构建的冷思考.doc

对农村土地承包经营权流转制度构建的理论思考 【内容摘要】农村土地的规模经营是实现农业产业化、现代化的发展趋势和必然要求，农村土地流转又是其土地规模经营的必经之路。虽然目前我国的农村土地流转正处于发展的进程当中，但由于没有适应现实需求的健全立法从制度上予以保障，而调整曾经稳定的农村土地承包经营制度的一系列法律法规如《土地承包法》等则又在很大程度上阻碍了土地流转，这不利于作为国计民生基础的农业的现代化发展。因此，从理论和实践中思考和分析土地流转中的问题，推进农村土地流转，是促进农业发展的一个重要突破口。 【关键词】土地承包经营权 流转模式 市场化转让机制 问题 Subject:Sober Reflection of the Construction toward the Transfer of Contractual and Managerial Right of Rural Land Abstract:The wholescale management of rural land is the development tendency and issencial demand of agricultural industrialization and modernization,and the transfer of rural land is moreover the indispensable route along which it should go.Although the present rural land transfer of our country is on its way,the fact that there is no proper legislation ensuring from system level and that the series of laws which regulated the previous steady contratual and managerial system of rural land such as Rural Land Contratual Law and so forth but hindered the transfer of land to a large extent does not make for agricultural modernization served as the basis of national economy and the people’s livehood.Therefore,it’s quite an important outlet for promoting agricultural development to ponder over and analyze and research into the issues on both the theoretical and practical facets emerged in the transfer of land as to promote the transfer of rural land. Key words:contractual and managerial right of land,transfering pattern,marketizational mechanism of transfer,issues 【正文】中国现行农用土地制度的基础是土地承包经营权制度，国家通过赋予农民土土地承包经营权来保证农民对于耕地的占有、使用、收益和有限的处分权。然而，现行农村土地承包制经营制度存在着诸多问题，核心问题在于农民承包土地的转让行为受到严格限制，致使必要的土地规模经营难以实现。从产业经济学角度上看，通过适度规模经营来提高农业生产效率，是农业生产的客观规律。现行土地制度把土地和农民的关系凝固化，难以实现土地的良性流转和集中。同时由于土地制度僵化，影响了城乡之间互动良性发展，带来诸多社会问题。上述种种问题的解决，离不开农村土地承包经营权的流转。因此，通过完善土地承包经营流转制度，实现农用地有序流转，应当是农村土地深化改革的主要任务之一。 农村土地流转的必然性与可能性 农村土地流转的必然性 家庭联产承包责任制的缺陷要求农村土地流转 中国现有农村土地承包经营制度起始于上世纪80年代初，经过两轮全国范围内的土地承包，形成了以家庭为单位，按农业人口均分土地为特征统分结合的双层经营体制，并由2002年颁布的《土地承包法》加以确认[1]。我国农村现行的家庭联产承包责任制提高了农村生产中家庭经营的效率,解放了生产力,