傳感与控制-无线传感器网络中数据收集器移动的路由协议.doc

摘 要 近年来，随着微机电系统和无线通信技术的发展，无线传感器网络WSN（Wireless Sensor Network）得到了越来越广泛的关注和研究。 在无线传感器网络中，减少能量消耗，延长网络生命周期是首要的任务。基于移动sink的路由协议成为现在研究的热点，让sink节点移动到传感节点附近，通过一跳就可以接收数据，与以往WSN通过多跳的方式向静止的sink发送数据相比，移动sink在数据传输过程中有更少的节点参与转发，因而节约了节点的能量消耗，延长了网络的生命周期。 论文首先提出了基于移动sink的数据接收思想，分析了这种方法的优势；然后阐述了路由协议应以应用为前提，为后续研究的方便提出了另一种路由协议的分类，即逐跳路由协议（sink静止）和基于移动sink的路由协议，并比较了两类路由协议的优劣；再次重点分析了基于移动sink的经典路由协议TTDD的工作原理及系统仿真设计，针对TTDD数据传输路径过长的问题提出了现有的解决方法，即CODE协议和E-TTDD协议，并且通过数学方法计算了三种算法的通信能量开销，并进行了比较。 关键词：无线传感器网络，路由协议，数据收集器移动，TTDD ABSTRACT With the rapid development of wireless communication and Microelectronics Mechanical System (MEMS) technologies, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) had attracted extensive attention due to their wide range of potential applications. Energy is the most critical factor when designing sensor network, we must make sure that the lifetime of WSN should be longer. The routing protocol based on sink mobility is being considered as the research hotspots, the data can be sent directly to a collector in 1-hop communication which reduces the need for multi-hop communication. So we can save the energy and prolong the lifetime of WSN. In this paper we first introduce a new idea that uses the mobile sink to collect data, and analyze the advantage of this method. Then we illustrates that wireless sensor network routing protocols are based on applications and proposes another classifying scheme, based on that there are two kinds of routing protocols, hop-by-hop routing protocols and sink mobility routing protocols. I also compare them in this paper. At last, this paper analyzes the basic principle and systems simulation design on TTDD, in order to solve the problem exists in the condition of data transmission path is too long in TTDD, another two modified methods are presented, CODE and E-TTDD, and we compare the three protocols’ communication energy consumption through mathematical calculation. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, routing protocols, sink mobility, TTDD