解析创造力英汉对照张铁城发送文本.doc

解析创造力英汉对照 张铁城2016、1、发送 张铁城网上下载之七No.12参考消息2006/1/30解析创造力2008 2007/9/26 Creativity special: Looking for inspiration by Helen Phillips New Scientist, Oct 29, 2005【英国《新科学家》周刊文章200529】题：创造性思维 寻找灵感 ■ 作者?海伦?菲利普斯2006/1/30《参考消息》看到这篇文章，2007/9/26把它选作2008年高考复习资料之一。但是，《参考消息》只翻译了它的前几个段落，可作为精读材料处理。其余部分，网友们可试着自己翻译一下。后面还有作者介绍，和一篇名人的相关话题的文章，都没有汉语译文，大家只能把它们作为泛读材料处理了。 PEOPLE have speculated about their own creativity for centuries - perhaps ever since we became able to think about thinking. Because creative thought just seems to “arrive”, the credit has been laid at the feet of gods and spirits or, recently, the id or the subconscious mind. Whatever it is, it is thinking at the edge, at the very fringes. The only bit of the creative process we actually know about is the moment of insight, yet creative ideas and projects may incubate beyond our awareness for months or even years. Not surprising, then, that creativity has long eluded scientific study. 几个世纪以来――也许是从人能够对思维进行思考以来，人类就一直在对他们自己的创造行为进行思考。由于创造性的想法似乎只是“不期而至，因此，从前它们被看成是上帝或者神灵的赐予。而最近的一个解释是，他们来自本我或潜意识。不管怎样，创造性思维都是一种边缘思维，我们所了解的有关创造过程的唯一知识是灵感到来的时刻。但实际上，此前创造性的想法和计划可能已经存在了几个月甚至几年，只不过不为我们自己所察觉。因此，毫不奇怪的是，长期以来我们都无法对创造力进行科学研究。 In the early 1970s, it was still seen as a type of intelligence. But when more subtle tests of IQ and creative skills were developed in the 1970s, particularly by the father of creativity testing, Paul Torrance, it became clear that the link was not so simple. Creative people are intelligent, in terms of IQ tests at least, but only averagely or just above. While it depends on the discipline, in general beyond a certain level IQ does not help boost creativity; it is necessary, but not sufficient to make someone creative. 直到上个世纪70年代早期，创造力还被看成是智力的一个方面，但是在上个世纪70年代对智商和创造技能进行的更细致的测验，特别是由创造力检测之父保罗?托兰斯进行的那些测试表明，智力于创造力之间的联系并非如此简单。富于创造力的人都很聪明至少在智商测试上是如此，但他们也仅仅是处于中上等水平。一般说来，超过一定水平后，IQ对提高创造力并无帮助；一定水平的IQ是必要的，但并不足以导致某人富于创造力。 Because of the difficulty of studying the actual process, most early attempts to study creativity conce