高考英语语法备考《动词不定式》课件分解.ppt

动词不定式的基本形式 一般式：to do(表一般性的动作） 被动式 to be done 进行式：to be doing（表动作正在进行） 被动式 to be being done 完成式：to have done（表动作在谓语动词之前发生） 被动式 to have been done 1 作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面一句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 常用句式:1、It takes sb.+some time+to do 2、It+be+形容词+for/of sb +to do 2)介词宾语（but) a. I have nothing to do but watch TV. b. He did nothing but play cards. c. He has no choice but to stay behind. cannot but do cannot help but do cannot choose but do 3)v+it+o.c+to do 动词不定式作宾语，后面有宾语补足语的时候必须用it做宾语，将真正的宾语放在后面。 a. He thinks it important to work hard b. I consider it necessary to clean our classroom every day. 4.作定语 a.Manager,do you have anything to be typed ? b.As a typist ,do you have anything to type now ? c.I am free now .Do you have anything to type ? d.Please give me an apple to eat . e.They will make some candles to give light. f.Have you anything to send？（自己寄） g.Have you anything to be sent?( 别人寄） 其它的情况： 1）如果是序数词或者中心词被序数词修饰，用不定式作定语 a.I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole. b.Shang hai is the first city in the world to have built a high—speed maglev train. c.He is always the first to come and the last to leave. d.Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. e.The last one to come pays the bill. 2)a.They have a nice roomto live in . They have a nice room in which to live. b. Please give me a knife to cut with. .Please give me a knife with which to cut. c.I have no pen to write with. I have no pen with which to write. d.She is the girl to go to school with. .Sheis the girl with whom to go to school. 大家看看这些句子有什么特点？ 由此可以看出：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式修饰的名词/代词是不定式的地点、工具等，不定式后面必须用一个介词。 3)名词是抽象名词，用不定式作定语，常见的有：ability,chance,idea,excuse， reply,belief,reason,attempt等。 a.He has the ability to read and write. b.I have no chance to go to college. 请大家自己想些例句。Who? 请翻译下面的句子： a.The old man has a girl look after him.