虚拟语气用法学案MicrosoftWord文档..docVIP

Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气 英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。 He is honest. 他很诚实。?（陈述语气） Don‘t be late next time. 下次别迟到。?（祈使语气） 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。 If I?were?you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去。?（虚拟语气） 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例如：If he doesnt hurry up,he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实) If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气，与事实相反） 条件从句 If 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 did / were would/could/should/might +V.(原) 与过去事实相反 had done would/could/should/might+have+p.p. 与将来事实相反 1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do would/could/should/might + V.(原) （一）表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do： 1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.（事实：我不可能是你） 2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：我不知道他的电话号码） （二）表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done 1． If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） （三）表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句：①if+主语+were to do （if 表示未来的虚拟语气独有形式，其他如wish， even if等词都没有该形式来表示未来的虚拟语气） ②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were） 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do 1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能） 2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。（事实：下雪可能性很小，不可能） 3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能） （四） 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us,we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空