虚拟语气讲解及练习题..docVIP

LESSON 24 虚拟语气(2) 导言 英语中虚拟语气是通过动词时态的变化来体现。本课在讲解虚拟语气时，所用的方法与传统讲法不同。我们试图从句子时态的改变来推论出虚拟的构成。只要同学理解了这一点，就可以举一反三。掌握虚拟语气。 虚拟语气是用来表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的情况。主要是通过动词的变化来体现的。 ▲ 在某些主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法 在It is important, impossible, strange, vital至关重要的, natural, essential必需的；基本的, desirable值得要的, preferable更好的, advisable可取的, appropriate适当的, surprising, sad, urgent, suggested, necessary, requested, ordered,+that…句型中，主语从句在英国英语中用should +原形动词。在美国英语中省略should直接用原形。 在for fear that（以防……起见）引导的条件句中用法同上。 在unless, when, so(as) long as，suppose, in case, on condition lest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可用虚拟语气，用法同上。 It is necessary that he（should）come on time to attend the meeting. 他按时来出席会议是必要的。 ● It is natural that he（should）love Merry. 他爱玛丽是很自然的事。 ● He took an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain. 他带了一把伞，以防天下雨。 ● As long as my wife (should) get ready, we will go. 只要我太太准备好了，我们就去。 ▲ 在suggest, propose, demand, inquire, request, desire想望, 期望, insist, order, advise, agree等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should +原形动词，美国英语省略 “should”用原形动词 ● He insisted that we（should）get there on time. 他坚持我们要按时到那。 ● The dean proposed that the question（should）not be discussed at once. 系主任提议这个问题不要马上讨论。 ▲ 在think, expect, believe, 是否定形式时，宾语从句可用虚拟语气：should +动词原形，should不可省。 ● She said she never expected I should lend money to her. ▲ suggestion, proposal, request, advice, order, command等表示建议、命令、要求等的名词后面的表语从句中，用should+动词原形，表示虚拟，should常常省略。 The general’s command was that the soldiers (should) leave their fort and carry out more important tasks. ▲ were (was) to 有时在虚拟条件句中用were (was)表示试探的口气。 ● If you were (was) to do something like that I would not marry you. 如果你要做那种事，我就不会嫁给你了。 ▲ would have done, should have done上面两种用法也经常表示虚拟，意思是本应该做而没有做的事情。would 表示从客观上讲，而should表示从主观上讲。 ● You would have taken taxi to come here. 你本应该坐出租汽车来这儿。 ● If I had known she was rich, I should have married her. 如果我知道她是个富翁，我本该娶她。 ▲ We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B.