《土石坝的评估和修复 毕业设计外文翻译》.doc

附录一 外文翻译 英文原文 Assessment and Rehabilitation of Embankment Dams Nasim Uddin, P.E., M.ASCE1 Abstract: A series of observations, studies, and analyses to be made in the field and in the office are presented to gain a proper understanding of how an embankment dam fits into its geologic setting and how it interacts with the presence of the reservoir it impounds. It is intended to provide an introduction to the engineering challenges of assessment and rehabilitation of embankments, with particular reference to a Croton Dam embankment. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2002)16:4(176) CE Database keywords: Rehabilitation; Dams, embankment; Assessment. Introduction Many major facilities, hydraulic or otherwise, have become very old and badly deteriorated; more and more owners are coming to realize that the cost of restoring their facilities is taking up a significant fraction of their operating budgets. Rehabilitation is, therefore, becoming a major growth industry for the future. In embankment dam engineering, neither the foundation nor the fills are premanufactured to standards or codes, and their performance correspondingly is never 100% predictable. Dam engineering—in particular, that related to earth structures—has evolved on many fronts and continues to do so, particularly in the context of the economical use of resources and the determination of acceptable levels of risk. Because of this, therefore, there remains a wide variety of opinion and practice among engineers working in the field. Many aspects of designing and constructing dams will probably always fall within that group of engineering problems for which there are no universally accepted or uniquely correct procedures. In spite of advances in related technologies, however, it is likely that the building of embankments and therefore their maintenance, monitoring, and assessment will remain an empirical process. It is, therefore, difficult to conceive of a set of rigorous assessment procedures for existing dams, i