普通心理学14：心理失调.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 日照可以恢复SEROTOMIN的水平. * * * 三组被试填写了一份人格问卷,之后,告诉被试有正\负两种反馈. 正反馈:适应良好\愉快\自信等等; 负反馈:这个人看起来不太愉快,与他人相处不融洽,等等. 被试任务?选择不同类型的评价;(2)知觉评价 的准确性别; 结果是(1)抑郁组有更多的人去选择负面评价;(2)抑郁组认为负面小结的准确性更高; 所以,抑郁组更关注负面评价;对自己的评价而更加负面. 其实,这些只能说,抑郁具有比较负性的评价,对负性评价更关注. * * * * * * * * Currently, in the DSM-IV, there are 4 subtypes of schizophrenia. Paranoid schizophrenia is dominated by delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur. Catatonic schizophrenia is marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity. In disorganized schizophrenia, a particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen…incoherence, complete social withdrawal, delusions centering on bodily functions. People who clearly have schizophrenia, but cannot be placed in any of the above subtypes, are given the diagnosis of undifferentiated schizophrenia. There are many critics of the current subtyping system for schizophrenia. Some theorists argue that the disorder should be conceptualized along two categories, positive symptoms – behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas; and negative symptoms – behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech. * * * * Research has linked schizophrenia to a genetic vulnerability and changes in neurotransmitter activity at dopamine, and perhaps serotonin, receptors. Structural abnormalities in the brain, such as enlarged ventricles, are associated with schizophrenia, but no one knows why. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia asserts that it is attributable to disruptions in maturational processes of the brain before or at the time of birth that are caused by prenatal viral infections, obstetrical complications, and other brain insults. Precipitating stress and unhealthy family dynamics have also been shown to be related to schizophrenia *