Greek Architecture古希腊建筑.ppt

Parts of a Greek Temple The top section is angled and is called the pediment三角楣. The sloping倾斜 top part is called the sloping cornice. The triangular三角形的 part below is called the tympanum. This is often carved and decorated. Sometimes there are caved features sticking up翘起来 from the room. These are called antifixae or acroterions. Plans of Greek Temples The grandeur富丽堂皇的 and evident expense of a temple can be seen in the number of columns employed. Simple tempes have blank walls around a naos, or chapel. With an open area or porch门廊 in front, called a pronaos, with two or four supporting columns. Designs of Greek Temples Grander temples, like the Parthenon, had both a front and back porch门廊, as well as a colonnade柱廊surrounding the entire structure. This is called a peripteral temple. Reconstruction of the Parthenon巴特农神庙 in Nashville. Designs of Greek Temples Grander still, and generally from the Hellenistic希腊 age, are dipteral temples. They have a double colonnade柱廊surrounding them. Artist’s reconstruction of the Temple of Artemis, Ephesus, Turkey Important Structures – The Acropolis The most famous Greek buildings topped the Athenian Acropolis. These include: the Propylaea, the Temple of Athena Nike, the Parthenon, and the Erectheum. The Propylaea This is the monumental巨大的 entry point to the acropolis雅典卫城. Greek Architecture希腊建筑 Kevin J. Benoy Origins Our word “architecture” comes from the Greek architecton, which means “master carpenter.”木匠大师 Early Greek architecture therefore employed wood, not stone. These early structures, as well as those of mud-brick, have not survived. Wood Features in Stone By the 6th Century BC, stone replaced wood in the construction of important temples. Designs still reflected their origins in wood, however. Origins The trigyph, which alternates交替 with the metapes, began as wooden beam木梁 ends. Origins In moving from wood to stone, builders had to adapt to the differing properties不同性质的 of their building materials. Stone has greater c