微生物世界.ppt

Chapter 5the microbial world微生物世界 Live everywhere/生活在海洋每个角落 Diverse assortment/多种多样的分类 Smallest and structurally simplest/最小，结构最简单 Life evolve from microorganism/生命进化之源 Primary producers/初级生产力 Critic role in Marine food webs/海洋食物网 Virus/病毒 A short chain Nucleic acid + outer protein coat (capsid/核衣壳) 20—200nm, DNA virus RNA virus retrovirus/逆转录病毒（AIDS） Lysogenic virus/溶菌病毒 （溶菌体） Bacteriophages/噬菌体，importance in the ocean Producing dissolved organic mater (DOM)/溶解有机质 Disease affecting Prokaryotes/原核生物 Smallest and structurally simplest/最小，结构最简单 No nucleus/无核 No organelles bounded with membrane /无包被膜的细胞器 Prokaryotes/原核生物 Bacteria/细菌（域） bacteria/细菌（真细菌） cynobacteria/青绀菌，光合细菌 Archaea/古菌（域）(fig.4.24) Bacteria and Archaea have important difference including cell wall composition, cellular manufacture etc. Bacteria/细菌（真细菌） 1 μm— 0.75mm Spheres, spirals, rods, rings ( fig.5.2) Recycling of nutrients Decomposer/分解者 Primary producer/初级生产力 Food source/食物源 Shape, size and role Cyano-bacteria/青绀菌 Once known as blue-green algae First photosynthetic organisms on earth/地球上最早的光合作用生物 Pigment/色素体 : bluish, redish Widely distributed in marine (extreme) environment/广布各种海洋（极限）环境 Rapidly multiply and results red-tide Fossil stromatolites/ 垫藻岩 (fig.5.3) Archaea / 古菌 Most primitive life(3.8 billion) Once thought to be bacteria but more closely related to eukaryotes Can live in extreme environment Be common in the marine environment (fig.5.4) Symbiotic bacteria/共生细菌 the essential guests Some symbiotic bacteria are parasite causing diseases Other bacteria benefit to their hosts that can not live without them Two species evolve in response to each other called co-evolution/协同进化 (1) shipworm, (2) bioluminescence in marine animal, (3) chemosynthetic bacteria in deep sea hydrothermal vent, (4) toxin producer in pufferfish etc. Prokaryote metabolism Autotrophs/自养 photoautotroph/光合自养: (1) cyanobacteria with chlorophyll, (2) ar