炎症介质与抗炎药物_培训课件.pptxVIP

炎症介质与抗炎药物Inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory drugs2014.10.9Inflammation (炎症）The classical signs of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function. Skin abscess PneumoniaThe Process of Inflammation1. Initiation of the event by a foreign substance or physical injury2. Recruitment and chemoattraction of inflammatory cells, and activation of these cells 3. Release inflammatory mediators capable of damaging or killing an invading microbe or tumor. In some instances, the inflammatory response is initiated by an otherwise harmless foreign material (e.g., pollen).Inflammation can also result from an autoimmune response to the host’s own tissue, as occurs in rheumatoid arthritis.Why do we need anti-inflammatory drugs? Host tissue may undergo injury, since many of the inflammatory mediators are not specific for a particular tissue target.In most cases, the inflammatory response eventually subsides, but if such a self-limiting regulation does not occur, the inflammatory response will require pharmacological intervention. The need for anti-inflammatory drugs arises when the inflammatory response is inappropriate, aberrant, sustained, or causes destruction of tissue.THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESSThe phases of inflammatory responsesRapid phase: seconds to minutes, consisting of vasodilation, increased blood flow, edema, and pain. Chronic phase: over months to years; dramatically increased production of inflammatory mediators. AsthmaSecondary chronic phase of inflammation: after years of oxidative damage has degraded blood vessels and tissues. Such chronic inflammation appears to play a role in many disease states, such as arteriosclerosis and cancer.动脉硬化Inflammatory MediatorsEicosanoids 类花生酸The eicosanoids, derived from a 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenoic acid), are obtained from membrane phospholipids and synthesized de novo at the time of cellular stimulation.Arachidonate Metabolism Pathways Phospholipids Arach