完全竞争市上的厂商均衡.ppt

7.2 The Equilibrium of the Firm under Perfect Competition 完全竞争市场上的厂商均衡 教学目标Objectives： 了解完全竞争的市场条件 掌握完全竞争市场的需求曲线和收益曲线 掌握完全竞争市场的短期均衡条件 掌握完全竞争市场的长期均衡条件 知识点Knowledge： 完全竞争的市场条件、完全竞争市场的需求曲线和收益曲线 完全竞争市场的短期均衡和长期均衡条件 技能点Skills： 绘制完全竞争市场均衡图 专业词汇Professional terms price taker advertising market opportunities ideal type advantages shortcomings government Normal profit Supernormal profit least-cost economic profit abnormal profit homogeneous product economies of scale industry 一、完全竞争的含义与条件 一、完全竞争的含义与条件 一、完全竞争的含义与条件 二、完全竞争市场上的需求和收益曲线 三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡 三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡 三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡 三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡 三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡 四、完全竞争市场上的长期均衡 五、对完全竞争市场的评论 Perfect competition and the public interest Perfect competition and the public interest 五、对完全竞争市场的评论 五、对完全竞争市场的评论 * * Assumptions l?? Firms are price taker. l?? There is complete freedom of entry into the industry for new firms. l? All firms produce an identical product. The product is homogeneous, so there is no branding and advertising. l? Producers and consumers have perfect knowledge of the market. That is, producers are fully aware of prices, costs and market opportunities. Consumers are fully aware of the price, quantity and availability of the product. Nevertheless, despite the lack of real-world cases, the model of perfect competition plays a very important role in economic analysis and policy. Its major relevance is as an ‘ideal type’. Many on the political right argue that perfect competition brings a number of important advantages. The model can thus be used as a standard against which to judge the shortcomings of real world industries. It can help government to formulate policies towards industry. 实现完全竞争的条件包括： 第一，市场上有许多生产者与消费者，每一个生产者的销售量与消费者的购买量只占市场极小的份额。 第二，市场上的产品是同质的，即不存在产品差别 。 第三，资源完全自由流动。 第四，市场信息是畅通的。 The short run and the long run l??The short run under perfect competition The period during which there is too little time for new firms to enter the industry.