油研201演讲与写作构思.ppt

油研2013演讲与写作构思 Selecting topics Analyzing audience Supporting ideas Organizing the body of the speech Beginning and ending the speech Outlining speech Using language Purpose of speech Inform: information Persuade: change audience Principles of specific purposes Make sure the central idea is not too general Express the central idea as a full sentence State the central idea as a declarative sentence, not as a question Avoid figurative language in the central idea exercises Donate blood To inform my audience about the history of Western civilization To inform my audience about Guilin To inform my audience that something has to be done about traffic jams. To inform my audience how to use the subway system in Berlin, Germany. General purpose: Specific purpose: Central idea: Main points: You should study abroad because it will enhance your personal development. You should study abroad because it will enhance your academic development. You should study abroad because it will enhance your career development. General purpose: Specific purpose: Central idea: Main points: The first event in triathlon is swimming, The second event in triathlon is cycling. The first event in triathlon is running. General purpose: Specific purpose: Central idea: Main points: Analyzing audience Audience-centered: Obama To whom am I speaking? What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech? What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim? Adapting to the Audience Before the speech: assessing how your audiece is likely to respong to what you say in your speech; adjusting what your say to make it as clear, appropriate, and convincing. During the speech: keep an eye out for audience feedback. Frown or respond with quizzical looks, you may need to back up and go over your point again. After the speech: survey, modify, next speech. Supporting ideas Examples Statistics Quotations(paraphrase) Examples Brief Examples Extended Ex