第八讲：利人际联系的力量.ppt

第八讲：利用人际联系的力量：小组工作（Social work with groups: Tapping the power of connection） If you need help, help others. To help others best, let them help you. Mental health can’t be taught – it has to be learned together. You alone can do it, but you can’t do it alone. 第八讲：利用人际联系的力量：小组工作（Social work with groups: Tapping the power of connection） 人们生活的很大一部分是处理与家庭、邻居、朋友、同事及伙伴的关系。不管我们用什么方式和他人建立联系，我们都和其他人组成的小集体或小组有某种联系。 Group: natural or planned associations that evolve through some common interest, state of being, or task. The degree to which we are connected to groups of others is contingent not only on our individual needs for affiliation but also on cultural norms, social arrangements, and our social location. A social work group refers to a small, face-to-face gathering of people who come together for a particular purpose. In genuine group work, the worker’s effort is on the development of the group, and while individual well-being is one goal, it is achieved through the interactions and structures of the group. 一、人性、文化与小组（群体） 1、作为自然取向的小组 人们想、并且需要和他人建立联系。小组（群体）能提供人们归属感和其他需要、检验现实的机会和获得信息、相互帮助的源泉、赋权的途径等。 但是人们寻求联系的类型和程度受文化影响：美国文化强调独立、流动、追求成功，因此重视个人选择；而日本、韩国文化强调集体主义，因此重视群体决策。“People relations is one of the cultural paradigms that distinguish one cultural group from another.” 1）群体取向对于美国社会工作专业的意义：一些社会工作原理可能反映了美国重视成就、追求独立、竞争的文化取向。“National Association of Social Workers tends to focus on more national than international concerns and self-determination more than cooperation”。 由于认识到不同文化对群体强调的程度不同，1996年的伦理守则强调社会工作者应改善条件以鼓励尊重文化和社会的多样性。 一、人性、文化与小组（群体） 2）群体取向对于社会工作实务的意义：在一种文化下成长起来的社会工作者在实务工作过程中可能会误解来自不同文化下的案主行为的意义。例如，女孩的安静、顺从，在东方文化下是娴静、文雅的表现，在西方文化下是害羞、冷淡、退缩的表现。 The nature of “groupness” is complex and variable according to social location. We all need and seek social connections, but this phenomenon is also tempered and shaped by cultural expectations having to do with family and community, customs, propriety, loyalty, authority, individualism, and how they fit together. 2、小组工作发展的历史和当代背景