EnglishRhetorical英语中常用的修辞手法..docVIP

English Rhetorical Devices 英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比，分类细，种类多。下面将英语中的修辞（部分）简单介绍如下： 1. Simile 明喻. 【英释】It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. 【汉释】明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。说得通俗点，也就是打比方，即把要描述的事物——本体（A）用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体（B）联系起来。常用的比喻词有as(如),like(像),seem(似乎),as if(好像),as through(好像),such as(像……一样)等。其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as……as B”。 【例句】①He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 　　 ②I wandered lonely as a cloud. 　　 ③Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. ④My heart is like a singing bird. ⑤O my loves like a red, red rose. 2. Metaphor 暗喻,隐喻. 【英释】It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. 【汉释】暗喻是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当，不用like或as等表示出来,而是进行隐藏的比较。暗喻又叫隐喻。 【例句】①Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 　　 ②Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. ③She is a woman with a stony heart. ④Mark Twain is a mirror of America. ⑤He is a pig. 3. Metonymy 转喻,借喻. 【英释】It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. 【汉释】转喻是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段；或者说是一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法。转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。转喻又称借喻、换喻，或借代。 【例句】①The kettle boils. 水开了(用the kettle壶，表示the water in the kettle 壶里的水)。 ②The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着（用the room房间，表示the people in the room房间里的人）。 ③Grey hairs should be respected. 老人应受到尊重（用grey hairs白发，表示 old people老人)。 ④The pen is mightier than the sword. 笔要比剑更锋利（用pen笔，表示article文章）。 ⑤I am reading Lu Hsun. 我在读鲁迅的作品（用Lu Hsun鲁迅，表示Lu Hsuns works鲁迅的作品）。 4. Synec