汽车工程专业英语第二章.docx

第二章：内燃机（INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE）1)Energy and power:Engines used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. They convert the chemical energy of the gasoline into heat within a power chamber that is called a combustion chamber. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases within the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power.能源是用于生产电力。化工能源是转化为燃料的燃烧的热量，这个过程被称为燃烧。如果发动机燃烧发生在气缸内的地方，被称为发动机内部燃烧发动机。如果燃烧发生在气缸外的地方，被称为发动机外部燃烧发动机。用于汽车的能源叫内部燃烧高能源，高温能源在燃烧室里降低能缓解气体燃烧在气缸内的温度。燃烧气体温度的升高引起气压变大，燃烧室内发展应用到了活塞产生一个可用的机械力，然后将其转换成有用的机械能。2)Engine terms:Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke uses up the gas, so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture: this control ofgas movement is the duty of the valves;活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半 圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相 应的措施排出废气以及向气缸内充入新鲜的可燃混合 气：气体的运动由气门来控制。3) Engine block:The engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders, water jackets, and oil galleries. The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block.气缸体是发动机的基体。发动机其它的部件 都安装在缸体内或固定在缸体上，它包容了 气缸、水套和油道，以及固定在缸体底部的 曲轴等。4) Cylinder sleeve:The dry sleeve can be cast in or pressed into a new block or used to recondition badly worn or damaged cylinders that cannot easily be rebored.干缸套可以铸在或压入新缸体中 ，或者用于严重磨损或损坏而又 不易重镗的缸体的修复。5) Cylinder head:The cylinder head fastens to the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the piston. In-line engines of light vehicles have just one cylinder head for all cylinde