解剖98842.ppt

●掌握: 六大关节（肩关节、肘关节、腕关节、髋关节、膝 关节和踝关节）的构成、特点及运动；骨盆的组成与分部。 ●了解：胸锁关节、肩锁关节、骶髂关节的构成，足弓的构成及功能。 The General Description Owing to the erect standing of human being,the upper limb has been freed and more movable from weight bearing and become a laboring organ.The joints of the upper limb are chiefly for the mobility in action,whereas the joints of the lower limb are for the stability. Joints of upper limb  Joints of should girdle Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节 Bones: sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, and first costal cartilage Articular capsule: strong An articular disc :dividing the joint into two cavities. Movements: Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节 Coracoacromial arch 喙肩弓 Joints of free upper limb ★Shoulder joint 肩关节 (ball and socket) Bones: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula Capsule: Thin and lax, especially lower part Attachments: proximal to glenoid labrum; distal to anatomical neck of humerus Tendon of long head of biceps brachii Accessory structures Glenoid labrum盂唇 Coracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带 Movements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction ★ Elbow joint 肘关节 Bones: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulna Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节 Humeroradial joint肱桡关节 Proximal radioulnar joint桡尺近侧关节 Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligaments Ligaments: Radial collacteral ligament 桡侧副韧带: Ulnar collacteral ligament 尺侧副韧带: Annular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带: Movements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination Joints between radius and ulna Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 Distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节: formed by head of ulna, ulnar notch of radius and an articular disc Interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜: a fibrous membrane between the shaft of radius and ulna Joints of hand ★ Radiocarpal joint桡腕关节 (ellipsoid) Bones Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc