专业英语33389.pptVIP

Learning Environment Design Section A What’s Learning Environment Ruth classroom classroom library Section ANew Words and Expression manipulation [m?:n?pj?:le???n]n. 操作，运用，处理converge [k?n’v?:d?] vi.会合[(+on/toward)]，聚集[(+on)] vt.使向一点会合，使聚集 Section ALearning environments are comprehensive,integrated systems that promote engagementthrough student-centered activities, includingguided presentations, manipulations, and explorations among interrelated learning themes (Hannafin Gall, 1990).学习环境是综合的，完整的系统，促进参与通过以学生为中心的活动，包括介绍，操纵和探索之间的相互关联的学习主题。Several essential elements are reflected inthis definition. Integration implies that the environment is constructed to support the student in accessing existing conceptual linkages or building new ones.几个重要的因素反映在这个定义。集成意味着环境构造支持学生利用现有的概念上的联系或建立新的。Activities are provided that support the individual’s efforts to mediate his or her learning. Guidance supports the learner’s decision making within the learning environment. Themes help to organize contexts, often in the form of a problem to be solved or an orienting goal, that bind the features and activities of the environment.活动提供支持个人的努力去调解他或她的学习。指导支持学习者的决策在学习环境里。主题有助于组织上下文，通常的形式是一个有待解决的问题，或定向目标，结合其特点和活动环境。Learning environments supply interactive, complementary activities that facilitate student-centered learning. Students are guided (rather than directed) in the availability and use of appropriate activities, each of which is linked conceptually around unifying learning themes.学习环境提供互动，互补的活动，促进以学生为中心的学习。引导学生（而不是导演）的可用性和使用适当的活动，这是每一个相关概念地围绕统一的学习主题。Individually, each component permits students to pursue understanding within established parameters. Students might, for example, select a manipulation tool, request tutoring on a topic, or request elaborations of key terms.个别地，每个部分允许学生了解在规定的参数之内。学生也许会，例如，选择一个操纵的工具，请求指导一个主题，或要求详细解释关键术语。Collectively, however, the components provide a rich set of resources that progressively broaden, rather than converge upon, learning themes.总的来说，无论如何