《社会研究方法》艾尔巴比 英文ppt Ch8.ppt

Part Three Modes of Observation Chapter 8 Experiments Chapter Outline Introduction Topics Appropriate to Experiments The Classical Experiment Selecting Subjects Chapter Outline Variations on Experimental Designs An Illustration of Experimentation Alternate Experimental Settings Strengths and Weaknesses of the Experimental Method Topics Appropriate to Experiments Projects with limited and well-defined concepts. Projects that are exploratory rather than descriptive. Studies of small group interaction. Components of Experiments Three Pairs Independent and dependent variables Pretesting and posttesting Experimental and control groups Question In the simplest experimental design, subjects are measured in terms of a _________ variable exposed to an _________ variable. pretested; posttested fluid; static independent; dependent dependent; independent Answer: D In the simplest experimental design, subjects are measured in terms of a dependent variable exposed to an independent variable. Subjects Experimental group - A group of subjects to whom an experimental stimulus is administered. Control group - A group of subjects to whom no experimental stimulus is administered and who resemble the experimental group in all other respects. Double-blind Experiment An experimental design in which neither the subjects nor the experimenters know which is the experimental group and which is the control. Experimental andControl Groups Must be as similar as possible. Control group represents what the experimental group would have been like had it not been exposed to the stimulus. Question _____________ groups are groups of subjects to whom an experimental stimulus is administered. control experimental purposive triad Answer: B Experimental groups are groups of subjects to whom an experimental stimulus is administered. Diagram of Basic Experimental Design Selecting Subjects Probability sampling Randomization Matching Randomization and Matching May not know which variables will be relevant