新版精编高中英语第二册下（高二用）.doc

新版精编高中英语第二册下（高二用） 篇一：新版高中英语语法详解(2) 高中英语语法知识词法部分详解——介词及练习 一、概念: 介词(preposition) 又叫做前置词，一般置于名词之前。它是一种虚词，一般不重读, 在句中不单独作任 何句子成分，只表示其后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系。 介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词语叫做介词宾语。可作介词宾语的词语通常有： eg. He lives near our school. ② This will give me some idea of what life is. 1) 名词或名词性从句: eg. I am angry with him. ② She isn’t satisfied with me. 2) 代词: eg. I have an idea for solving this problem. 3) 动名词或动名词短语: 4) 不定式(只限于介词but和except) eg. I can do nothing for them but just sit there and hope. ② I can do nothing for them except to send them money. 5) 数词： 6) 形容词： 7) 副词： eg. Four from seven leaves three. eg. I know it from old. 我早就知道它。 eg. I cant stay for long. 【注意】英语介词往往相当于汉语的动词。 eg. The policeman helped the old woman across the street. 警察帮助老大娘过马路。(“过”=across) Are you for it or against it? 你赞成还是反对？(“赞成”= for; “反对”= against) 二、介词的种类: A. 介词按其构成分为 B. 介词按其词义分为 eg. at; in; of since, before, after等。 1) 简单介词(simple preposition)： 2) 复合介词(compound preposition): eg. as for; as to; into; out of 等。 eg. from under; from behind; until after; except in等。 3) 二重介词(double preposition): 4) 短语介词(phrasal preposition): eg. according to; because of; in spite of; on behalf of等。 5) 分词介词( participle preposition): eg. regarding; concerning; including; providing等。 1) 地点介词: eg. across; among; around; above; after; along; at; before; behind; below等。 2) 时间介词: eg. about; after; around; as at; before; behind; between; by; during; for, from.. 3) 比较介词: eg. as; like; over; above等。 4) 除外介词: eg. besides; but; except等。 5) 反对介词: eg. against; with等。 6) 原因介词: eg. for; with; from等。 7) 结果介词: eg. for; with; without等。 8) 方式介词: eg. by; in; with等。 9) 所属介词: eg. of; with等。 10) 条件介词: eg. on; without; considering等。 11) 让步介词: eg. in spite of; despite等。 12) 目的介词: eg. for; to等。 13) 根据介词: eg. on; according to等。 三、介词短语及其功用: 介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语(Prepositional phrase), 介词短语在句中可用作: eg. From Beijing to Tianjing is two hours by train. 4) 定语: eg. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 1) 主语: eg. She looks