2013牛津初中语语法总结和练习(8B-9B).doc

8B Unit 1 时态知识讲解: 过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时的不同及用法 现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。 结构：___________________________ 否定句____________________________ 疑问句_____________________ 用法: 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days,today,this year,so far等连用. .I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了) 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去, for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词. Ive left Shanghai for three days. Ive been away from Shanghai for three days. I left Shanghai three days ago. It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai. 常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下: come/go/arrive/get/reach/move__________________________open__________________________ die________________________close___________________________become___________________ borrow______________________ begin/start______________________ leave_________________ buy________________________fall asleep_______________________end/finish__________________ catch a cold__________________join ____________________________/_____________________________ 3.现在完成时中has been to__________________has gone to__________________和been in/at been to_______________ She _______________________Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里) She_____________________________ Shanghai。 (表示现在她人不在这里) She ________________________________ Shanghai since she moved there. (表示已到并且呆着那里一段时间) 4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, n 1991,three days ago last time,last night等连用. 一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系. 她昨晚写信了。She ____________________________________. 自从昨晚她就写信了。She ____________________________________________________. 5.现在完成时中的 for 与 since for + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since + 过去时间点/从句 I have kept the library book _____________ a week.= I have kept the library book ____________ a week ago. 6. It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已完成