牛津大学剑桥大学介绍.ppt

Cambridge In England two schools of higher education were established, the first was at Oxford and the second at Cambridge, at the end of the 12th century. By the 1220s these two universities were the intellectual leaders of the country. Oxford is a city and local government discrict in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 134,248 (2001 census). It is the home of the University of Oxford, the Christ Church Cathedral and the Town Hall. Oxford in the past: the city Oxford is the oldest university in the English speaking world, it can lay claim to 9 centuries of continuous existence. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly. 1167: Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. The prestige of Oxford is seen in the fact that it received a charter from King Henry II, granting its citizens the same privileges and exemptions as those enjoyed by the capital of the kingdom; and various important religious houses were founded in or near the city. Parliaments were often held in the city during the thirteenth century. The Provisions of Oxford were installed in 1258 by a group of barons led by Simon de Montfort; these documents are often regarded as Englands first written constitution. Oxford in the past: the university 1201:the head of the University was named a chancellor. 1231:the new name:‘universitas’ of the institution In the mid-13th century: religious orders settled in Oxford which maintained houses for students Soon collages were established 1250s:Balliol and Merton Colleges were established. (They are the oldest.) In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. 1642-1649 English Civil War: the university was the centre of the Royalist Party. Oliver Cromwell (chancellor from 1650 to 1657) prevented Oxford and Cambridge from being closed down by the Puritans. In the 18th century Oxford was era of scientific