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写作的宏观总结 一、考研大纲的四个巨变： 增加了考研听力 去掉了词汇和语法部分，加大了完型填空的难度 把阅读和翻译合二为一 加大了写作的难度 二、四次课的重点 考研写作的十大困境 考研写作出现的各类题型（四大类主力题型，十一种功能段落） 范文分析 语言分析 第一部分 考研写作中的各类问题 写作中的十大困境 滔滔不绝意识流 无话可说真难受真情流露没必要 思维跳跃断层多Nowadays, there is growing concern over …; When it comes to …,people hold different opinions. It is generally believed that … 承：涉及文章第二段（拓展段），原因一、二、三，方面一、二、三要有层次感 In the first place…; above all; To begin with ;For one thing; On the one hand; In the second place…; In addition; Further more; More over; What’s more; For another ; On the other hand; Last but not least; More importantly; Even worse; 转：表示转折的方法如下： However; On the contrary; Conversely; Whereas; Instead; Nevertheless; 合：表示合并总结： As a result; As a consequence; consequently; Accordingly; Therefore; Thus; Hence; In conclusion; To sum up; In brief; In sort; On the whole; By and large; Generally speaking; As somebody put(puts) it; As the saying goes; 句与句之间要衔接，段与段之间要过渡 英语表达憋得慌Non-government-run school 民办私立学校；entry 加入（中国加入世贸）； protect intellectual property rights 保护知识产权；pirated software 盗版软件； pirated video products/materials 盗版音像制品；advance with times与时俱进； sustainable developments 可持续发展；to get online 上网；forward an email 发邮件； to get offline 下网；mobile phone 手机；bring sth. into full play 充分发挥； 盲目动笔凑字数 低级错误常出现It is impossible.. c. 冗赘现象 d. 逻辑错误 e. 常见的语法错误 处于被动危害大I am of the opinion that…; I hold the view that…; as far as I am concerned…; as far as I can see; in my eyes; increasely; 龙飞凤舞笔迹乱 第二部分：图画作文 写作的训练： 1、寻找参照物 2、两种训练方法：(1) 英汉互译 (2) 模仿法imitation 2002年写作真题 study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled Cultures--National and International. In the essay you should 1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2give your comment on the