网上汉译英笔记.doc

Lecture One 英语基本句型与汉译英 Basic English Sentence Patterns C-E Translation 英语五种基本句型 1．S + Vi. 2．S + Vi. + P 3．S + Vt. + O 4．S + Vt. + o + O 5．S + Vt. + O + OC 1． 利用第一句型进行翻译（主语　＋　谓语） １） 鸟宿池边树，僧敲月下门。 Birds dwell in a tree by the pond, A monk knocks at the door under the moon. 2）卧不安席，食不甘味，心摇摇如悬旌。（国策） I do not sleep soundly, eat heartily, and my heart leaps all the time. 3）臣无祖母，无以至今日；祖母无臣，无以终余年；祖孙二人，相依为命。（李密） I could not have lived till today without my grandmother, and she would not survive in her later days without me. Both my grandmother and I rely on each other so as to exist in this world. Practice (1) 1） 浩月当空。 The moon shines brightly. 2） 日出于东而落于西。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 3） 到了春天美丽的花朵开遍原野。 In spring beautiful flowers bloom in the open country. 2. 根据第二句型翻译（S+Vi+P） １） 他直到最后都是很忠实的。 He remained faithful to the last. ２） 她渐入老境。 She is growing (or getting) old. ３） 他直到四十岁才结婚。 He remained unmarried until forty years old. Practice (2) 1） 他生为圣徒，死为烈士。 He lived a saint, and died a martyr. 2） 鸟鸣山更幽。 It seems to be more lonesome in the mountains when birds are singing. 3） 良药苦口利于病。 Good medicine tastes bitter (to the mouth), but is good for a disease. ３、利用第三句型进行翻译 (S + Vt. + O) 1） 我知道如何游泳。 I know how to swim. 2）勤能补拙。 Diligence makes up the deficiency in ability. 1) 具有夺取意义的动词 在具有“夺取、除去、减轻、发表”等意义的他动词后面，被夺取或除去的对象不能译成宾语，而要加一个介词“of”把对象引出来，方在句尾。 比如： 强盗抢了他的钱。 A highwayman robbed him of his money. 他们把海上的强盗一扫而光。 They cleared the sea of those robbers. 2) 具有供给意义的动词 具有“供给”等意义的他动词，不能直接把所供给的事物作为宾语，必须用介词with将事物引出来。只有受到供给的人或物才能成为宾语，直接接在他动词的后面 比如： 该公司提供给我们款项来做那个工程。 The company supplied us with money for the project. 委员会赐给他一张奖状。 The committee presented him with a reward. provide somebody with furnish … with load the cart with straw 3) 具有作成意义的动词。 具有“作成、制造”等意义的动词，句中of所引出的名词是作成什么的材料。如果改变原料本质，则用from,并用into表示成品。 比如： 他们用木头做了一张书桌。 They made a desk of wood. 那个农民用葡萄酿酒。 The farmer made wine from grapes. The farmer made grapes into wine. 我经常愚弄他。 I often mak