公共事业管理专业英语公共事业管理专业英语.doc

Backgrounds for Controls over Administration 行政管理的背景 Necessity of Control 控制的必要性 The action of the administration, whose forms and methods have just been described, is so important that it is impossible in any country possessing constitutional government to allow every administrative officer a perfectly free hand in the discharge of his duties. The public is so dependent upon the action of administrative officers that it is of the utmost（最大的） importance that their action shall be efficient and harmonious．The officers of the administration attend to many things which it is impossible for individuals to attend to at all．If they do not perform their duties, or perform them unwisely or inefficiently,it will necessarily follow that these things will not be done at all or will be done in such a way that the result of administrative action will be of little value． Some means must be provided also which shall insure harmony in administrative action where uniformity of treatment of a given subject throughout the state is necessary． 行政管理行为，它的形式和前边已经描述过了，十分重要以致于任何国家的本质控权的政府允许所有行政人员拥有充分自由去履行他的职责。公众如此依赖行政人员的行政行为，提供的效率和和谐，以致成为最关键的地方。行政人员参与许多个人无法参与的职责。如果行政人员履行其职责不够理性，或者不够高效，这样将会导致这些事情无法完成或者就算完成了行政行为都仅发挥了一点作用而已。因此，有必要提供一些方法来保证行政行为有效和和谐。 Individuals further are so at the mercy of administrative officers, who have behind them the entire power of the state,that some protection must be offered against the violation of private rights．The administration is often thrown into relations with individual citizens which must necessarily be hostile．It demands of them sacrifices which they regard as unreasonable or as not justified by the law of the land．Nearly all the expressions of the will of the state which are to be carried out in their details and executed by the administration cause a conflict at times between the conception by the administration of what the public welfare demands and the conception by the individual of the sphere of private rights guaranteed to him by the law．If the offi