第三章.lingusitics——phonology.ppt

Exercises: Ⅰ. True or False 1. Phonetics studies the phonic medium of a certain language. ( ) 2. The long vowels are all tense vowels and the short vowels are all lax vowels. ( ) 3. In English, pill and bill are a minimal pair, and so are pill and till, pin and ping. ( ) 4. The phoneme /p/ and /b/ can occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, therefore they’re in phonetic complementary distribution. ( ) 5. The sequential rules in English can apply to all the other languages. For example, the velar nasal /N/ never occurs in the initial position in English nor in Chinese.( ) Ⅱ. Multiple Choice 1. The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and the end of the ______. A. tongue B. hard palate C. soft palate D. vocal cords 2. A sound produced when the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causing vibration is said to be_____. A. resonant B. voiceless C. voiced D. vowel 3. The obstruction created between the tip of the tongue and the alveolar ridge results in the sound ______. A. /t/ and /d/ B. /k/ and /g/ C. /p/ and /b/ D. / n/ and / w/ 4. The phoneme is an abstract ____ unit. A. phonic B. phonological C. phonetic D. grammatical 5. The sound /k/ and /g/ are separate ______. A. allophones B. phonemes C. morphemes D. allomorphs Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks 1. ______ and ______ are the two media by natural languages as vehicles for communication. 2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established and until recently the most highly developed is ___________________. 3. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities. They are_______________, ____________ and ________________. 4. The first point where sound modification may occur is ______. 5. If, in making a vowel sound, the organs of speech remain in one position without moving to another, the result is a _________ . If th