英美概况Chapter 4.ppt

Chapter 4 Transition to Modern Age (1455-1688) I. Transition to Modern Age (1455-1485) 1. Wars of Roses (1455-1485) (1) The nature of the war An attempt to dominate the government at home by the rich and ambitious nobles A. What was the result of the Hundred Years’ War? In 1453 England was defeated in the Hundred Years’ War. B. Who was in power at that time? The power was in the hands of a number of rich and ambitious nobles. C. What would the rich and ambitious nobles do under such circumstances? They had to seek a new outlet for their ambition by an attempt to dominate the government at home. (2) The Wars of Roses A. What did the wars refer to? (or Who were the participants of the wars?) They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York which lasted for 30 years between 1455 and 1485. B. Why was it called the Wars of Roses? (What were the symbols or the emblems 徽章of them?) The House of Lancaster was symbolized by red rose, and the House of York by white rose. (3) The consequences of the war A. It was destructive to the noble houses, the nobility was much weakened and discredited B. Feudalism received its deathblow (It sped up the decline of feudalism in England, give rise to textile industry, pushed the growing bourgeoisie onto a higher rung of social ladder in England) C. The king’s power became supreme, prepared soil for centralized government D. A long peace at home: Tudor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over 200 years. 2. The Tudor Monarchy (Dynasty) 都铎王朝 （1）The result of the Wars of Roses After some 30 years of intermittent wars, in 1458 the last battle of the Wars of Roses was fought between Richard III and another claimant to the throne, Henry Tudor, Duke of Lancaster. In the battle Richard III lost his crown and his life. Soon after his victory, Henry Tudor married Elizabeth of York Thus uniting the House of Lancaster and York and putting the country under the rule of the Tudors. (