Book6 Module5 Grammar.ppt

虚拟语气是一种动词形式, 表示说话人认为他所说的话是和事实相反的主观设想或主观愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义, 虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 1. 对现在的假设:表示现在实际上并不存在的情况。 从句形式为: If +主语+动词过去式 主句形式为:主语+would/should /could/might+动词原形 e.g. If I were you, I would give up smoking. 要是我是你, 我就戒烟。 If I had time, I would learn French. 要是我有时间的话，我会去学法语。 2. 对将来的假设: 表示将来实现可能性非常小的情况。 从句形式为: If+主语+动词过去式，或者If+主语+ should+动词原形或者If+主语+ were to+动词原形 主句形式为: 主语+would /should /could /might+动词原形 e.g. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是让我来做这件事, 我会以一种完全不同的方式来做的。 If it should snow tomorrow, we could have a snowball fight. 如果明天下雪,我们可以打雪仗。 If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过今晚的电影, 会感到遗憾的。 If they had not studied hard, they would have failed in the exam. 假如他们学习不那么刻苦, 就不会通过考试了。 If we had caught the first bus, we might have arrived now. 如果我们赶上了第一班汽车, 我们现在有可能已经到达了。 e.g. Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址, 他会去看她的。 Should it happen, what would you do? 如果真发生这样的事, 你怎么办呢？ 2. 虚拟语气中, 条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态一致。 e.g. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话, 现 在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn’t do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议, 他就不会干得这样好。 Correct the wrong sentences. 1. If the weather was nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zoo. 2. He were you, he would go home at once. 3. I should have come here early, but I had been busy. * 3. 对过去的假设: 表示过去并不存在 的现象。 从句形式为: If+主语+过去完成时 主句形式为: 主语+would/ should/ could/ might + have done e.g. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火 车的。 注意 1. 在正式文体中, 有时可以把虚拟条件 句中的连词if省略, 而将were, had, should等动词提前到主语前面。