(定语从句的翻译.ppt

定语从句的翻译 英汉定语从句对比 1. This is the cat.　　 这就是那只猫。　　 2. This is the cat that killed the rat.　　 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。　　 3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.　　 * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。　　 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.　　 * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。　　 5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.　　 * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。　　 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。　　 5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.　 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克盖的。 英语中的定语从句有两种：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；例如 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）  非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 。例如 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发 常用的定语从句的翻译方法 一、合译法 合译法通常用于句式较短的情况，主要以限制性定语从句为主。 在英译汉时，一般将其译成“的”字结构，有时也将定语部分译成谓语、兼语句的一部分或带有“这”字句的简单句。 1.译成定语“的”字结构 最为常见，将定语部分放在被修饰名词的前面 He is not the one who will give up easily. 他不是一个轻易服输的人。 Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。 The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him 在他手下工作的人对他怕的要死。 2、译成谓语 当定语从句是存在句，尤其是在“there be结构”和它的变体结构、以及在“it be +主语+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的谓语在意义上也是整个主句的谓语，可将其译为主谓结构的