英语语法(小升初).docVIP

英语语法（为女儿小升初整理的） 代词 单数 复数 人称 代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 物主 代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 分为可数名词和不可数名词。drink?milk? tea? water? orange? juice? coke? coffee? porridge food?rice? bread? meat? fish? fruit? cake? dumplings 其他 表达时，在数词和不可数名词间要加量词+of，例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice 可数名词的复数 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况 有生命的+es 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 无生命的+s 如：photo-photos radio-radios 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 常用搭配 a/an、many+可数名词复数 much/a little+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。There is some water in the glass. （肯定句）?? There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句） There aren’t any lamps in the study.（否定句） Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster?? 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late – later以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early – earlier如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat – fatter双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting不规则变化：good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder 动词 过去式 现在分词（现在进行时） be动词（ am, is, aream—was, is –was, are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用aream not（没有缩写形式），are not = aren’t ，is not = isn’t助动词（ do, does, did ）do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。用在他她它，通常用在疑问句和否定句中do not = don’t, does not = doesn’t, did not = didn’t 例如疑问句：Do you like this pen? Dose he like that pen