宾语从句语法.doc

宾语从句：宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下面几个方面总结归纳如下： I heard that he would come here later on. （作动词heard的宾语） He said nothing about who broke the window last night. (作介词about的宾语) 注意：学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态 一.连接词 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。由 that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish, hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。 I told him that he was wrong. 1）注意：在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。 例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对) False: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Ryight: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. 2）注意：在许多带有复合宾语的句子中， that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。 例： We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。Whether,if(是否)在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下， whether和if可以替换。 I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the job. 注意： 1）在whether ? or not结构中不能用if替换。 I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. 2）在不定式前只能用whether. 如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 3)在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 Everything depends on whether we have enough money 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作连接词。它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。 Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语) I don’t know where he lives. (where做地点状语) 1）注意：当who为主语时，句式为： who+谓语+其他 He wanted to know who hadn’t passed the exam. 2）注意： 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us False: He wonders when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He wonders when he can finish this difficult job. 二.判断时态情况： 1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。 She says that she is a student. She says that she can sing a song in English. He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. She says that she has finished her h