《Chap14.ppt

Firms in Competitive Markets竞争市场中的企业 Chapter 14 WHAT IS A COMPETITIVE MARKET? A perfectly competitive market has the following characteristics: There are many buyers and sellers in the market. The goods offered by the various sellers are largely the same. Firms can freely enter or exit the market. 什么是竞争市场？ 完全竞争市场有以下特点 : 市场中有许多买者和许多卖者。 各个卖者所提供的物品大体上是相同的。 企业可以自由地进入或退出市场。 WHAT IS A COMPETITIVE MARKET? As a result of its characteristics, the perfectly competitive market has the following outcomes: The actions of any single buyer or seller in the market have a negligible impact on the market price. Each buyer and seller takes the market price as given. 什么是竞争市场？ 由于以上特点, 完全竞争市场 具有以下结果: 市场上任何一个买者或卖者的行动对市场价格的影响都可以忽略不计。 每一个买者和卖者都把市场价格作为既定的。 WHAT IS A COMPETITIVE MARKET? A competitive market has many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price taker. Buyers and sellers must accept the price determined by the market. 什么是竞争市场? 竞争市场有许多买者和卖者交易相同的产品，所以每个买者和卖者都是价格接受者。 买者和卖者必须接受市场决定的价格。 The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争企业的收益 Total revenue for a firm is the selling price times the quantity sold. 一个企业的总收益等于销售价格乘以销售量。 TR = (P X Q) The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争企业的收益 Total revenue is proportional to the amount of output. 总收益与产量同比例变化。 The Revenue of a Competitive Firm Average revenue tells us how much revenue a firm receives for the typical unit sold. Average revenue is total revenue divided by the quantity sold. 竞争企业的收益 平均收益 告诉我们企业从普通一个单位产品销售中得到了多少收益。 平均收益等于总收益除以销售量。 The Revenue of a Competitive Firm In perfect competition, average revenue equals the price of the good. 竞争企业的收益 在完全竞争市场, 平均收益 等于 物品的价格。 The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争企业的收益 Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue from an additional unit sold. 边际收益是增加一个单位销售量 所引起的总收益变化。 MR =?TR/ ?Q The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争企业的收益 For competitive firms, marginal revenue equals the price of the good. 对竞争企业来说，边际收益等于 物品的销售价格。 Table 1 Total, Average, and Marginal Reven