expectationtheory.docx

4. Expectancy Theory Expectancy Theory OverviewThe Expectancy Theory of Motivation is one of the process theories. It provides an explanation of why individuals choose one behavioral option over others. The basic idea behind the theory is that people will be motivated because they believe that their decision will lead to their desired outcome (Redmond, 2009). Expectancy theory proposes that work motivation is dependent upon the perceived association between performance and outcomes and individuals modify their behavior based on their calculation of anticipated outcomes (Chen Fang, 2008). This has a practical and positive benefit of improving motivation because it can, and has, helped leaders create motivational programs in the workplace.? This theory is built upon the idea that motivation comes from?a person believing they will get what they want in the form of performance or rewards.? Although the theory is not all inclusive of individual motivation factors, it provides leaders with a foundation on which to build a better understanding of ways to motivate subordinates (AETC, 2008). Expectancy theory is classified as a process theory of motivation because it emphasizes individual perceptions of the environment, and subsequent interactions arising as a consequence of personal expectations.The theory states that individuals have different sets of goals and can be motivated if they believe that:There is a positive correlation between efforts and performance. Favorable performance will result in a desirable reward. The reward will satisfy an important need. The desire to satisfy the need is strong enough to make the effort worthwhile (Lawler, Porter. L., Vroom, 2009). Vrooms Expectancy Theory Victor H. Vroom, Professor, Yale UniversityThe expectancy theory of motivation was suggested by Victor H. Vroom, an international expert on leadership and decision making. He was named to the original board of officers of the Yale School of Management when it was founded in 1976.