《任务型教学途径.ppt

任 务 型 教 学 途径 Task-based LanguageTeaching 一、什么是任务 任务：阅读下面几段不同学者在不同时期对学习任务的不同阐释。 A（A task is） a piece of work undertaken for oneself or for others,freely or for some reward. Thus examples of tasks include painting a fence,dressing a child,filling out a form,buying a pair of shoes,making an airline reservation, borrowing a library book,taking a driving test,typing a letter, weighing a patient, sorting letters, taking a hotel reservation, writing a cheque, finding a street destination and helping someone across a road.In other words, “task” is meant the hundred and one things people do in everyday life,at work,at play,and in between.(Long 1985) B An activity or action which is carried out as the result of processing or understanding language(i. e. as a response). For exampie,drawing a map. while listening to a tape,listening to an instruction and performing a command, may be referred to as tasks.Tasks may or may not involve the production of language.A task usually reqires the teacher to specify what will be reguarded as successful completion of the task.The use of variety of different kinds of tasks in language teaching is said to make language teaching more communicative…since it provides a purpose for a classroom activity which goes beyond the practice of language for its own sake.(Richards,Platt and Weber 1986) C…a task is taken to be an activity in which:meaning is primary;there is some sort of relationship to the real world;task completion has some priority;and the assessment of task performance is in terms of task outcome. (Skehan,1996) 虽然不同的学者从不同的角度对任务提出了不同的解释，但是有一点是共同的，任务都涉及语言的实际运用。在完成任务的过程中，学生运用目的语进行理解交际，他们的注意力集中在意义上，而不是语言形式上。也就是说，任务要以意义为中心，完成任务过程中不强调用何种语言形式，通过沟通解决某一个交际问题才是焦点，任务的完成结果是评估认为是否成功的标准。 任 务 型 教 学Task-based Language Teaching 　　是指教师通过引导语言学习者在课堂上完成任务来进行的教学。这是20世纪80年代兴起的一种强调“在用中学”(learning by doing)的语言教学方法，是交际教学法的发展，在世界语言教育界引起了人们的广泛注意。近年来，这种“用语言做事”(doing things with the language)的教学理论逐