《管理学原理英文版c10.ppt

Motivating and Rewarding Employees 激励与奖酬员工 L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E S Describe the motivation process. Define needs. Explain the hierarchy of needs theory. Differentiate Theory X from Theory Y. Explain the motivational implications of the motivation-hygiene theory. Describe the motivational implications of equity theory. Explain the key relationships in expectancy theory. Describe how managers can design individual jobs to maximize employee performance. L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E S (cont’d) Explain the effect of workforce diversity on motivational practices. Describe how entrepreneurs motivate their employees. What is Motivation? Motivation (动机) Is the result of an interaction between the person and a situation; it is not a personal trait. Is the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained towards attaining a goal. Energy: a measure of intensity or drive. Direction: toward organizational goals Persistence: exerting effort to achieve goals. Motivation works best when individual needs are compatible with organizational goals. Early Theories of Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs MacGregor’s Theories X and Y Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Early Theories Of Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (需要层级理论) Needs were categorized as five levels of lower- to higher-order needs. Individuals must satisfy lower-order needs before they can satisfy higher order needs. Satisfied needs will no longer motivate. Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level that person is on the hierarchy. Hierarchy of needs Lower-order (external) Physiological 生理: food, drink, shelter, sex Safety 安全: physical safety Higher-order (internal) Social 社会: affiliation with others, affection, friendship Esteem 自尊: Internal (self-respect, autonomy, and achievement); external (status, recognition, and attention) Self-actualization 自我实现: personal growth and fulfillment EXHIBIT 10–1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Early Theories Of Motivation (cont’d) M