《经济学原理曼昆06.ppt

小结 价格控制包括价格上限和价格下限 价格上限指某一物品和劳务的法定最高价格. 一个范例是租金控制. 价格下限指某一物品和劳务的法定最低价格.一个范例是最低工资. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 小结 税收是用来筹集收入并用于公共目的的手段. 当政府向某一商品课税时，该商品的均衡数量下降. 对某一商品征税就是在购买者支付的价格与出售者收取的价格之间插入了一个楔子. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 小结 税收归宿是指谁来承担税收负担. 税收归宿并不取决于是向购买者还是出售者课税. 税收归宿取决于供给与需求的价格弹性. 税收负担更多的落在缺乏弹性的市场一方上 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 4 4 * 5 5 * 14 11 * 2 * 10 7 * 10 7 * 15 12 * 25 15 * * * 29 20 * 30 22 * 31 21 * 31 21 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. 第6章：供给、需求 与政府政策 Chapter 6 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 供给，需求和政府政策 在一个自由的，无管制的市场体系中，均衡的价格和交易数量是由市场的力量所建立的 In a free, unregulated market system, market forces establish equilibrium prices and exchange quantities. 当均衡状态是有效的时候，每个人才与可能被满足。 While equilibrium conditions may be efficient, it may be true that not everyone is satisfied. 经济学家的一个角色就是运用理论来支持政策的发展 One of the roles of economists is to use their theories to assist in the development of policies Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 价格上限与价格下限Price Ceilings Price Floors Price Ceiling 价格上限 指某一物品出售的法定最高价格 A legal maximum on the price at which a good can be sold Price Floor 价格下限 指某一物品出售的法定最低价格 A legal minimum on the price at which a good can be sold. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 价格上限 当政府强制实行价格上限时 可能出现两种结果: 价格上限如果设在均衡价格之上，就是没有约束力的. The price ceiling is not binding if set above the equilibrium price ?价格上限如果设在均衡价格之下，从而导致短缺，就是具有约束力的. The price ceiling is binding if set below t